Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry

Article Title: Uncoupling ceramide glycosylation by transfection of glucosylceramide synthase antisense reverses adriamycin resistance.

doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.10.7138

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 2. Expression of GCS mRNA and protein in MCF-7-AdrR cell variants. A, mRNA expression of GCS. Isolated mRNA (5 ng) was amplified by high fidelity RT-PCR. The reverse PCR product, a 300- base pair fragment of GCS, was resolved on 1% agarose gel electro- phoresis and stained with ethidium bromide (top panel). Housekeeper gene b-actin was used as a control for even loading (bottom panel). Control, RT-PCR product without cellular mRNA; MCF-7-AdrR, MCF- 7-AdrR parental cells; AdrR/asGCS, MCF-7-AdrR GCS antisense transfected cells. B, GCS Western blot. GCS (50 mg of protein/lane) was resolved using 4–20% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and re- acted with GCS polyclonal antibody (1:1,000). AdrR/GCS, MCF-7-AdrR cells transfected with GCS cDNA (pcDNA 3.1/his A-GCS); MCF-7- AdrR, the parent cell line; AdrR/asGCS, GCS antisense-transfected MCF-7-AdrR cells. C, Western blots of anti-Xpress antibody. Blots were done as described above. The Xpress fused protein was reacted with Xpress antibody (1:500). Abbreviations are as in B.

Article Snippet: RNA Analysis—Cellular mRNA was purified using a mRNA isolation kit (Roche Molecular Biochemicals).

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Amplification, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Staining, Control, Transfection, Western Blot, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Journal: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology

Article Title: Tetraspanin CD63 is a regulator of HIV-1 replication

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD63 mRNA down regulation by siRNA in human MDMs which are challenged with different concentration of HIV-1. A. MDMs (5 × 105 cells/well) were plated in 24-well plates and transfected with 50 nM siRNAs (CD63, CD4, and ERBB2IP). For controls, cells were treated with AZT (1 mM) or raltegravir (20 mM). Controls also included untreated cells or cells infected with HIV-1 SX (m.o.i. = 0.02) only. Total mRNA was isolated from each well using the Qiagen RNeasy kit 48 h after transfection. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine relative CD63 expression levels, normalizing to GAPDH expression as an internal control. B. MDMs were challenged with different concentration of HIV-1 SX (m.o.i. = 0.6, 0.2. 0.06 and 0.02, respectively). Supernatants were harvested for p24 detection on day 7 post-infection for MDMs using p24 Capture ELISA kit (ImmunoDiagnostics, Woburn, MA).

Article Snippet: Total mRNA was isolated from each well using the Qiagen RNeasy kit 48 h after transfection.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Transfection, Infection, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology

Article Title: Tetraspanin CD63 is a regulator of HIV-1 replication

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CD63 silencing on HIV-1 replication in human PBLs and DCs. A. PBLs (1 × 105 cells/well) were plated in triplicate in 24-well plates and transfected with 50 nM siRNAs (CD63, CD4, and ERBB2IP). Controls included untreated cells or cells treated with virus infection only. Total mRNA was isolated from each well using the Qiagen RNeasy kit 48 h after transfection. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine relative CD63 expression levels, normalizing to GAPDH expression as an internal control. B. PBLs cells (1 × 105 cells/well) or (C) DCs cells (5 × 105 cells/well) were plated in triplicate in 24-well plates and transfected with 50 nM siRNAs (CD63, CD4, and ERBB2IP). Controls included untreated cells or cells treated with virus infection only. Forty eight hours post-transfection, cells were infected with HIV-1 89.6 (m.o.i. = 0.02). Supernatants were harvested for p24 detection on day 5 post-infection for PBLs cells, and on day 7 post-infection for DCs using p24 Capture ELISA kit (ImmunoDiagnostics, Woburn, MA). C. Cell lysates from MDMs on day 7 post-infection were also harvested for detection of intracellular p24. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with ERBB2IP control group, respectively.

Article Snippet: Total mRNA was isolated from each well using the Qiagen RNeasy kit 48 h after transfection.

Techniques: Transfection, Infection, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 Disrupts Splicing, Translation, and Protein Trafficking to Suppress Host Defenses

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.004

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: HiScribe T7 ARCA mRNA Kit , NEB , Cat. # E2060S.

Techniques: Virus, Recombinant, Transfection, RNA Sequencing Assay, Software

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: The RNA helicase DDX5 promotes viral infection via regulating N 6 -methyladenosine levels on the DHX58 and NFκB transcripts to dampen antiviral innate immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009530

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A, B): m6A methylation of transcripts was detected by m6A qRT-PCR in DDX5-knockdown or DDX5 overexpressed MEFs after VSV infection. MEFs were transfected with DDX5 siRNA (siNC) for 48hand infected with VSV for 6h (A), and MEFs were transfected with Myc-DDX5 expressed vector (DDX5) or Myc tag control vector (Con) for 24h and infected with VSV for 6h (B). After extracting total RNA, purifying mRNA, and removing ribosomal RNA, purified mRNA was fragmented and incubated with anti-rabbit m6A or anti-rabbit IgG-conjugated dynabeads for 4h. RNA was isolated from the solution with phenol-chloroform, and cDNA was subjected to qRT-PCR using GAPDH, TBK1, DHX58, IKKγ, and p65 primers. Results are presented relative to those obtained with NC or control groups, and the expression of all the indicated proteins was analyzed using western blotting. (C, D): The interaction between METTL3 and transcripts was detected through METTL3 RIP qRT-PCR in knockdown-DDX5 (C) or DDX5-expressing (D) MEFs after VSV infection. MEFs were transfected with DDX5 siRNA (siNC) for 48 h and infected with VSV for 6 h (C), and transfected with DDX5 expression plasmid (DDX5) or control vector (Con) for 24 h, infected with VSV for 6h, and subjected to METTL3 RIP qRT-PCR to detect GAPDH, TBK1, DHX58, IKKγ, and p65. Results are presented relative to those obtained with NC or control groups, and the expression of all the indicated proteins was analyzed using western blotting. (E, F): Nuclear transcript retention increased in DDX5-knockdown MEFs. MEFs were transfected with DDX5 siRNA (siNC), infected with VSV for 8h, and lysed to extract nuclear to cytoplasmic RNA fractions. Then, RNA was used to analyze m6A modified DHX58, IKKγ, and p65 mRNA by m6A qRT-PCR (E) with RNU6 and GAPDH as the nuclear and cytoplasmic controls, respectively. The quantitative distribution of m6A modified DHX58, IKKγ, and p65 mRNAs in DDX5-knockdown MEFs were detected by m6A qRT-PCR (F). (G, H): Nuclear transcript export was increased in DDX5-expressing MEFs. MEFs were transfected with DDX5 expression plasmid (control vector), infected with VSV for 8h, and lysed to extract nuclear or cytoplasmic RNA; then, RNA was used to analyze m6A modified DHX58, IKKγ, and p65 mRNA by m6A qRT-PCR (G), and the quantitative distribution of these mRNAs was detected by m6AqRT-PCR (H). (I, J) : Immunoblot analysis of DHX58, IKKγ, and p65 in DDX5-knockdownMEFs (I) or DDX5-expressing MEFs (J) after infection with VSV at 0, 4, and 6 h. All data are mean ± SEM of biologically independent samples. Data are representative of three independent experiments. ns, no significant difference. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, and *** p <0.001 (Student’s t -test).

Article Snippet: Biotin-labeled RNA was detected and visualized according to the instructions of the chemiluminescent nuclei acid detection module (Thermo Fisher, 89880), the biotin-unlabeled RNA was acquired according to the biotin-labeled protein–RNA complex blotting, and mRNAs were purified with the Dynabeads mRNA Purification Kit (Invitrogen, 61006).

Techniques: Methylation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Infection, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Purification, Incubation, Isolation, Expressing, Western Blot, Modification

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: The RNA helicase DDX5 promotes viral infection via regulating N 6 -methyladenosine levels on the DHX58 and NFκB transcripts to dampen antiviral innate immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009530

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A): m6A methylation of transcripts was detected in DDX5 +/+ or DDX5 +/- primary mouse macrophages infected for 8 h with VSV (MOI = 10). After extracting total RNA and purifying mRNA, mRNA was used to perform m6A qRT-PCR by incubating with anti-rabbit m6A or anti-rabbit IgG-conjugated dynabeads for 4 h. RNA was isolated and subjected to qRT-PCR using GAPDH, TBK1, DHX58, IKKγ, and p65 primers. Results are presented relative to those obtained in the control group, and the expression of DDX5 was analyzed bywestern blotting. (B): Immunoblot analysis of DDX5, DHX58, p65, and IKKγ in lysates of DDX5 +/+ or DDX5 +/- mouse macrophages infected for 0, 4, and 8 h with VSV (MOI = 10). (C, D): ELISA of IFN-β (C) and IL-6 (D) in cell supernatants ofDDX5 +/+ or DDX5 +/- mouse macrophages infected for 0, 4, and 8 h with VSV (MOI = 10). (E, F): ELISA of IFN-β (E) and IL-6 (F) in serum after DDX5 +/+ or DDX5 +/- mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS or VSV (5×10 8 plaque-forming units/g body weight) for 8h (n = 6). (G, H): ELISA of IFN-β (G) and IL-6 (H) in serum after DDX5 +/+ or DDX5 +/- mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS or SeV (1×10 8 plaque-forming units/g body weight) for 8h (n = 6). (I, J): The TCID 50 dose of VSV (I) or SeV (J) was measured in lungs, liver, and spleen of DDX5 +/+ or DDX5 +/- mice. (K): Pathological lesions in lungs, liver, and spleen of DDX5 +/+ or DDX5 +/- mice observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining with intraperitoneal injection of PBS, VSV (5×10 8 plaque-forming units/g body weight) or SeV (1×10 8 plaque-forming units/g body weight) for 12h. Scale bars, 100 μm. All data are presented as mean ± SEM of biologically independent samples. n = number of biological replicates. Data are representative of three independent experiments. NS, no significant difference. ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001 (Student’s t -test).

Article Snippet: Biotin-labeled RNA was detected and visualized according to the instructions of the chemiluminescent nuclei acid detection module (Thermo Fisher, 89880), the biotin-unlabeled RNA was acquired according to the biotin-labeled protein–RNA complex blotting, and mRNAs were purified with the Dynabeads mRNA Purification Kit (Invitrogen, 61006).

Techniques: Methylation, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Isolation, Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Injection, Staining